The Audio Feature Vocabulary supplements the Audio Feature Ontology. It defines terms for the tool and task specific ontologies and implements the model layer of the ontology framework. This enables the definition of tool and task specific feature implementations and leaves any categorisation or taxonomic organisation to be specified in the implementation layer. The vocabulary also specifies computational workflow models for some of the features which can be linked to from lower level ontologies.
In order to access the RDF representation of the vocabulary from a Web browser, the files are accessible in Notation 3 and RDF/XML. From other types of applications, the standard content negotiation guidelines are followed. Here is an example how to access the vocabulary in N3 syntax from the Python rdflib module:
Graph().parse("https://w3id.org/afo/vocab/1.1#", format="n3")
The computational workflow models are based on feature signatures that represent mathematical operations employed in the feature extraction process with each operation assigned a lexical symbol. It offers a compact description of each feature and enables an easier way of comparing features according to their extraction workflows. Converting the signatures into a linked data format to include them in the vocabulary involves defining a set of OWL classes that handle the representation and sequential nature of the calculations. The operations are implemented as sub-classes of three general classes: transformations, filters and aggregations. For each abstract feature, we define a model property. The OWL range of the model property is a Model class in the Audio Feature Ontology namespace. The Turtle example below shows how the computational signatures of MFCC and Chromagram features are represented in the vocabulary.
afv:MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients"@en ;
rdfs:comment "MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients" ;
rdfs:subClassOf afo:AudioFeature ;
vs:term_status "testing"@en ;
afo:model afv:MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficientsModel .
afv:MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficientsModel a afo:Model ;
rdfs:label "MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients model"@en ;
rdfs:comment "Computational model for MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients" ;
vs:term_status "testing"@en ;
afo:operation_sequence afv:MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients_operation_sequence .
afv:MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients_operation_sequence a afo:OperationSequence ;
afo:first_operation afv:MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients_operation_1 .
afv:MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients_operation_1 a afv:Windowing ;
rdfs:label "MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients_operation_1"@en ;
rdfs:comment "MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients computational sequence step 1" ;
vs:term_status "testing"@en ;
afo:next_operation afv:MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients_operation_2 .
afv:MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients_operation_2 a afv:DiscreteFourierTransform ;
rdfs:label "MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients_operation_2"@en ;
rdfs:comment "MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients computational sequence step 2" ;
vs:term_status "testing"@en ;
afo:next_operation afv:MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients_operation_3 .
afv:MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients_operation_3 a afv:Spectralbinning ;
rdfs:label "MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients_operation_3"@en ;
rdfs:comment "MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients computational sequence step 3" ;
vs:term_status "testing"@en ;
afo:next_operation afv:MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients_operation_4 .
afv:MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients_operation_4 a afv:Logarithm ;
rdfs:label "MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients_operation_4"@en ;
rdfs:comment "MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients computational sequence step 4" ;
vs:term_status "testing"@en ;
afo:next_operation afv:MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients_operation_5 .
afv:MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients_operation_5 a afo:LastOperation,
afv:DiscreteCosineTransform ;
rdfs:label "MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients_operation_5"@en ;
rdfs:comment "MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients computational sequence step 5" ;
vs:term_status "testing"@en .
afv:Chromagram a owl:Class ;
rdfs:label "Chromagram"@en ;
rdfs:comment "Chromagram" ;
rdfs:subClassOf afo:AudioFeature ;
vs:term_status "testing"@en ;
afo:model afv:ChromagramModel .
afv:Chromagram_operation_sequence a afo:OperationSequence ;
afo:first_operation afv:Chromagram_operation_1 .
afv:ChromagramModel a afo:Model ;
rdfs:label "Chromagram model"@en ;
rdfs:comment "Computational model for Chromagram" ;
vs:term_status "testing"@en ;
afo:operation_sequence afv:Chromagram_operation_sequence .
afv:Chromagram_operation_1 a afv:Windowing ;
rdfs:label "Chromagram_operation_1"@en ;
rdfs:comment "Chromagram computational sequence step 1" ;
vs:term_status "testing"@en ;
afo:next_operation afv:Chromagram_operation_2 .
afv:Chromagram_operation_2 a afv:DiscreteFourierTransform ;
rdfs:label "Chromagram_operation_2"@en ;
rdfs:comment "Chromagram computational sequence step 2" ;
vs:term_status "testing"@en ;
afo:next_operation afv:Chromagram_operation_3 .
afv:Chromagram_operation_3 a afv:Logarithm ;
rdfs:label "Chromagram_operation_3"@en ;
rdfs:comment "Chromagram computational sequence step 3" ;
vs:term_status "testing"@en ;
afo:next_operation afv:Chromagram_operation_4 .
afv:Chromagram_operation_4 a afo:LastOperation,
afv:Sum ;
rdfs:label "Chromagram_operation_4"@en ;
rdfs:comment "Chromagram computational sequence step 4" ;
vs:term_status "testing"@en .
This structure enables building SPARQL queries to retrieve comparative information on features from the vocabulary. For example, we can inquire which features in the vocabulary employ the Discrete Cosine Transform calculation by executing the following query:
SELECT DISTINCT ?feature
WHERE {
{
SELECT DISTINCT ?feature
WHERE {
?opid a afv:DiscreteCosineTransform .
?seqid afo:first_operation ?fopid .
?fopid afo:next_operation+ ?opid .
OPTIONAL {
?model afo:operation_sequence ?seqid .
?feature afo:model ?model .
}
}
}
UNION
{
SELECT DISTINCT ?feature WHERE {
?fopid a afv:DiscreteCosineTransform .
?seqid afo:first_operation ?fopid .
?model afo:operation_sequence ?seqid .
?feature afo:model ?model .
}
}
FILTER (?feature != "")
}
This will produce the following result:
- afv:AutocorrelationMFCCs
- afv:BarkscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients
- afv:MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients
- afv:ModifiedGroupDelay
- afv:ModulationHarmonicCoefficients
- afv:NoiseRobustAuditoryFeature
- afv:PerceptualLinearPrediction
- afv:RelativeSpectralPLP
The vocabulary can also be queried to retrieve signatures for individual features like in this example for the Spectral Centroid feature
PREFIX afv: <https://w3id.org/afo/vocab/1.1#>
PREFIX afo: <https://w3id.org/afo/onto/1.1#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?operation ?operation_type
WHERE {
{
SELECT ?operation ?operation_type
WHERE
{
afv:SpectralCentroidModel afo:operation_sequence ?sequence .
?sequence afo:first_operation ?operation .
?operation a ?operation_type .
}
}
UNION
{
SELECT ?operation ?operation_type
WHERE
{
afv:SpectralCentroidModel afo:operation_sequence ?sequence .
?sequence afo:first_operation ?first_operation .
?first_operation afo:next_operation+ ?operation .
OPTIONAL {
?operation a ?operation_type .
}
}
}
FILTER(?operation_type != afo:LastOperation)
FILTER(?operation_type != afo:OptionalOperation)
FILTER(?operation_type != "")
} ORDER BY ?operation
The response to this query:
| operation | operation_type | |
| 1 | afv:SpectralCentroid_operation_1 | afv:Windowing |
| 2 | afv:SpectralCentroid_operation_2 | afv:DiscreteFourierTransform |
| 3 | afv:SpectralCentroid_operation_3 | afv:Spectralbinning |
| 4 | afv:SpectralCentroid_operation_4 | afv:Logarithm |
| 5 | afv:SpectralCentroid_operation_5 | afv:Mean |
The Audio Feature Ontology is being developed at the Centre for Digital Music, Queen Mary University of London
as part of the Fusing Audio and Semantic Technologies (FAST) project.
The source code is available here: https://code.soundsoftware.ac.uk/projects/af-ontology.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- @prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> .
- @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
- @prefix afo: <https://w3id.org/afo/onto/1.1#> .
- @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
- @prefix vs: <http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#> .
- @prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
- @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
- @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
- @prefix ns1: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
- @prefix afv: <https://w3id.org/afo/vocab/1.1#> .
- afv:ADRess: ADRess (Azimuth Discrimination and Resynthesis)
- afv:ADRessSpectrum: ADRessSpectrum (Azimuth Discrimination and Resynthesis)
- afv:ADRessStereoSpectrum: ADRessStereoSpectrum (Azimuth Discrimination and Resynthesis)
- afv:AbsMax: AbsMax
- afv:AdaptiveSpectrogram: AdaptiveSpectrogram
- afv:AdaptiveTimeFrequencyTransform: AdaptiveTimeFrequencyTransform
- afv:AdaptiveTimeFrequencyTransformComp: Subclass of Transformation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:AimBoxes: AimBoxes (Auditory Image Model)
- afv:AimGammatone: AimGammatone (Auditory Image Model)
- afv:AimHCL: AimHCL (Auditory Image Model)
- afv:AimHCL2: AimHCL2 (Auditory Image Model)
- afv:AimLocalMax: AimLocalMax (Auditory Image Model)
- afv:AimPZFC: AimPZFC (Auditory Image Model)
- afv:AimPZFC2: AimPZFC2 (Auditory Image Model)
- afv:AimSAI: AimSAI (Auditory Image Model)
- afv:AimSSI: AimSSI (Auditory Image Model)
- afv:AimVQ: AimVQ (Auditory Image Model)
- afv:Amplitude: AmplitudeDescriptor
- afv:AmplitudeModulation: AmplitudeModulation
- afv:AmplitudeofEnergyModulation: AmplitudeofEnergyModulation
- afv:AreaMoments: AreaMoments
- afv:AreaMomentsConstantQMFCC: AreaMomentsConstantQMFCC
- afv:AreaMomentsLogConstantQ: AreaMomentsLogConstantQ
- afv:AreaMomentsMFCC: AreaMomentsMFCC
- afv:AreaPolynomialApproximation: AreaPolynomialApproximation
- afv:AreaPolynomialApproximationConstantQMFCC: AreaPolynomialApproximationConstantQMFCC
- afv:AreaPolynomialApproximationLogConstantQ: AreaPolynomialApproximationLogConstantQ
- afv:Attack: Attack
- afv:AttackLeap: AttackLeap
- afv:AttackSlope: AttackSlope
- afv:AttackTime: AttackTime
- afv:AuditoryFilterBankTemporalEnvelopes: AuditoryFilterBankTemporalEnvelopes
- afv:AutoCorrelation: AutoCorrelation
- afv:AutoCorrelationFFT: AutoCorrelationFFT
- afv:AutoCorrelationPeaksIntegrator: AutoCorrelationPeaksIntegrator
- afv:Autocorrelation: Subclass of Transformation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:AutocorrelationMFCCs: AutocorrelationMFCCs
- afv:Autoregression: Subclass of Filter from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:AverageDeviation: AverageDeviation
- afv:AverageMagnitudeDifference: AverageMagnitudeDifferenceFunction
- afv:AverageSquaredDifference: AverageSquaredDifferenceFunction
- afv:BandPeriodicity: BandPeriodicity
- afv:BandSpectralDeviation: BandSpectralDeviation
- afv:BandTristimulus: BandTristimulus
- afv:BandpassFilter: Subclass of Filter from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:BandpassFilterBank: Subclass of Transformation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:Bandwidth: Bandwidth
- afv:BarandBeat: BarandBeatTracker
- afv:BarkCoefficients: BarkCoefficients
- afv:BarkscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients: BarkscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients
- afv:Bars: Bars
- afv:BassChromagram: BassChromagram
- afv:Beat: BeatTracker
- afv:BeatCount: BeatCount
- afv:BeatHistogram: BeatHistogram
- afv:BeatHistogramFromPeaks: BeatHistogramFromPeaks
- afv:BeatHistogramLabels: BeatHistogramLabels
- afv:BeatSpectralDifference: BeatSpectralDifference
- afv:BeatSpectrum: BeatSpectrum
- afv:BeatSum: BeatSum
- afv:Brightness: Brightness
- afv:CepstralRecursionFormula: Subclass of Filter from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:Cepstrum: Cepstrum
- afv:Chord: ChordEstimate
- afv:Chordino: Chordino
- afv:ChromaCENSFeatures: ChromaCENSFeatures
- afv:ChromaMeans: ChromaMeans
- afv:Chromagram: Chromagram
- afv:ChromagramandBassChromagram: ChromagramandBassChromagram
- afv:CombFilter: Subclass of Filter from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:Compactness: Compactness
- afv:ComplexDomainOnset: ComplexDomainOnsetDetection
- afv:ConstantQ: ConstantQ
- afv:ConstantQMFCC: ConstantQMFCC
- afv:ConstantQSpectrogram: ConstantQSpectrogram
- afv:ConstantQTransform: Subclass of Transformation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:CorrelationPattern: CorrelationPattern
- afv:Crest: Crest
- afv:CrossCorrelation: Subclass of Transformation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:CrossCorrelation: Subclass of Transformation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:CrossCorrelation: CrossCorrelation
- afv:CrossCorrelation: CrossCorrelation
- afv:CyclicBeatSpectrum: CyclicBeatSpectrum
- afv:DWPTbasedRhythmFeature: DWPTbasedRhythmFeature
- afv:Daub4: Daub4
- afv:DaubechiesWaveletCoefficientHistogram: DaubechiesWaveletCoefficientHistogram
- afv:Decay: Decay
- afv:Decaytime: Decaytime
- afv:DecorrelatedFilterBanks: DecorrelatedFilterBanks
- afv:Decrease: Decrease
- afv:DecreaseSlope: DecreaseSlope
- afv:DeltaDeltaMFCC: DeltaDeltaMFCC
- afv:DeltaMFCC: DeltaMFCC
- afv:DeltaSpectralPattern: DeltaSpectralPattern
- afv:Derivate: Derivate
- afv:DerivationDifference: Subclass of Filter from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:Deviation: Subclass of Aggregation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:Deviation: Subclass of Aggregation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:Deviation: Deviation
- afv:Deviation: Deviation
- afv:Differencevector: Differencevector
- afv:DiscreteCosineTransform: Subclass of Transformation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:DiscreteCosineTransform: Subclass of Transformation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:DiscreteCosineTransform: DiscreteCosineTransform
- afv:DiscreteCosineTransform: DiscreteCosineTransform
- afv:DiscreteFourierTransform: Subclass of Transformation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:DiscreteWaveletTransform: Subclass of Transformation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:DiscreteWaveletTransform: Subclass of Transformation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:DiscreteWaveletTransform: DiscreteWaveletTransform
- afv:DiscreteWaveletTransform: DiscreteWaveletTransform
- afv:DistanceMatrix: DistanceMatrix
- afv:DistancefromFirstChannel: DistancefromFirstChannel
- afv:DistortionDiscriminantAnalysis: DistortionDiscriminantAnalysis
- afv:EffectiveDuration: EffectiveDuration
- afv:Energy: Energy
- afv:EnergyBasedOnset: EnergyBasedOnsetDetectionFunction
- afv:EnergySpectralDensity: Subclass of Filter from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:EnhADRess: EnhADRess (Azimuth Discrimination and Resynthesis)
- afv:EnhADRessStereoSpectrum: EnhADRessStereoSpectrum (Azimuth Discrimination and Resynthesis)
- afv:Entropy: Subclass of Aggregation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:Envelope: Envelope
- afv:EnvelopeShapeStatistics: EnvelopeShapeStatistics
- afv:EvenHarmonicRatio: EvenHarmonicRatio
- afv:EventDensity: EventDensity
- afv:ExponentialFunction: Subclass of Filter from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:FFTBinFrequencies: FFTBinFrequencies
- afv:Feature: Feature
- afv:FeatureMeans: FeatureMeans
- afv:FeatureVariances: FeatureVariances
- afv:FilterbankMel: FilterbankMel
- afv:Flatnessdb: Flatnessdb
- afv:FluctuationPattern: FluctuationPattern
- afv:FluctuationPatternCent: FluctuationPatternCent
- afv:FluctuationPatterns: FluctuationPatterns
- afv:FractionOfLowEnergyWindows: FractionOfLowEnergyWindows
- afv:Frames: Frames
- afv:FrequencyofEnergyModulation: FrequencyofEnergyModulation
- afv:FuncdamentalFrequency: FuncdamentalFrequency
- afv:FundamentalFrequency: FundamentalFrequency
- afv:FundamentalFrequencyModulation: FundamentalFrequencyModulation
- afv:FundamentalFrequencyfailsafe: FundamentalFrequency(failsafe)
- afv:GeometricMean: GeometricMean
- afv:GeorgeTzanetakisModel: GeorgeTzanetakisModel
- afv:GlobalSpectralShapeDescription: GlobalSpectralShapeDescription
- afv:GroupDelayFunction: Subclass of Filter from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:HarmonicChange: HarmonicChangeDetectionFunction
- afv:HarmonicChangeValue: HarmonicChangeValue
- afv:HarmonicCoefficient: HarmonicCoefficient
- afv:HarmonicConcentration: HarmonicConcentration
- afv:HarmonicDerivate: HarmonicDerivate
- afv:HarmonicEnergy: HarmonicEnergy
- afv:HarmonicEnergyEntropy: HarmonicEnergyEntropy
- afv:HarmonicPeakDetection: Subclass of Aggregation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:HarmonicPitchClassProfile: HarmonicPitchClassProfile
- afv:HarmonicProductSpectrum: HarmonicProductSpectrum
- afv:HarmonicProminence: HarmonicProminence
- afv:HarmonicSpectralCentroid: HarmonicSpectralCentroid
- afv:HarmonicSpectralDecrease: HarmonicSpectralDecrease
- afv:HarmonicSpectralDeviation: HarmonicSpectralDeviation
- afv:HarmonicSpectralFlux: HarmonicSpectralFlux
- afv:HarmonicSpectralKurtosis: HarmonicSpectralKurtosis
- afv:HarmonicSpectralRolloff: HarmonicSpectralRolloff
- afv:HarmonicSpectralShape: HarmonicSpectralShape
- afv:HarmonicSpectralSkewness: HarmonicSpectralSkewness
- afv:HarmonicSpectralSlope: HarmonicSpectralSlope
- afv:HarmonicSpectralSmoothness: HarmonicSpectralSmoothness
- afv:HarmonicSpectralSpread: HarmonicSpectralSpread
- afv:HarmonicSpectralVariation: HarmonicSpectralVariation
- afv:HarmonicSpectrum: HarmonicSpectrum
- afv:HarmonicTristimulus: HarmonicTristimulus
- afv:HighFrequencyContent: HighFrequencyContent
- afv:HighFrequencyContentOnset: HighFrequencyContentOnsetDetectionFunction
- afv:HighestValue: HighestValue
- afv:Histogram: Subclass of Aggregation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:HistogramIntegrator: HistogramIntegrator
- afv:IBTINESCBeat: IBTINESCBeatTracker
- afv:IndependentComponentAnalysis: Subclass of Transformation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:Inharmonicity: Inharmonicity
- afv:IntegralLoudness: IntegralLoudness
- afv:Irregularity: Irregularity
- afv:IrregularityI: IrregularityI
- afv:IrregularityII: IrregularityII
- afv:Irregularityj: Irregularityj
- afv:Irregularityk: Irregularityk
- afv:JointAcousticandModuluationFrequency: JointAcousticandModuluationFrequency
- afv:Key: KeyDetector
- afv:Key: KeyDetector
- afv:Key: Key
- afv:Key: Key
- afv:KeyMode: KeyMode
- afv:KeySOM: KeySOM
- afv:KeyStrength: KeyStrength
- afv:KeyStrengthPlot: KeyStrengthPlot
- afv:KrumhanslKeyFinder: KrumhanslKeyFinder
- afv:KullbackLieblerOnset: KullbackLieblerOnsetDetectionFunction
- afv:LNorm: LNorm
- afv:LevelCrossingDetector: Subclass of Aggregation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:LineSpectralFrequencies: LineSpectralFrequencies
- afv:LineSpectralPairs: LineSpectralPairs
- afv:LinearPredictionCepstralCoefficients: LinearPredictionCepstralCoefficients
- afv:LinearPredictionZCR: LinearPredictionZCR
- afv:LinearPredictiveCoding: LinearPredictiveCoding
- afv:LinearSpectralPairs: LinearSpectralPairs
- afv:LocalSingleGaussianModel: LocalSingleGaussianModel
- afv:LocalTuning: LocalTuning
- afv:LogAttackTime: LogAttackTime
- afv:LogConstantQ: LogConstantQ
- afv:LogFrequencySpectrum: LogFrequencySpectrum
- afv:LogLikelihoodofChord: LogLikelihoodofChordEstimate
- afv:Logarithm: Subclass of Filter from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:LogarithmicFluctuationPattern: LogarithmicFluctuationPattern
- afv:Loudness: Loudness
- afv:LowEnergy: LowEnergy
- afv:LowFreqEnergyRelation: LowFreqEnergyRelation
- afv:LowestValue: LowestValue
- afv:LowpassFilter: Subclass of Filter from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:MELODIAMelodyExtraction: MELODIAMelodyExtraction
- afv:MELODIAMelodyExtractionintermediatesteps: MELODIAMelodyExtraction(intermediatesteps)
- afv:MIDINote: MIDINote
- afv:MPEG7AudioFundamentalFrequency: MPEG7AudioFundamentalFrequency
- afv:MPEG7AudioHarmonicity: MPEG7AudioHarmonicity
- afv:MPEG7AudioSpectrumBasis: MPEG7AudioSpectrumBasis
- afv:MPEG7AudioSpectrumCentroid: MPEG7AudioSpectrumCentroid
- afv:MPEG7AudioSpectrumSpread: MPEG7AudioSpectrumSpread
- afv:MPEG7AudioWaveform: MPEG7AudioWaveform
- afv:MPEG7HarmonicSpectralCentroid: MPEG7HarmonicSpectralCentroid
- afv:MPEG7HarmonicSpectralDeviation: MPEG7HarmonicSpectralDeviation
- afv:MPEG7HarmonicSpectralSpread: MPEG7HarmonicSpectralSpread
- afv:MPEG7HarmonicSpectralVariation: MPEG7HarmonicSpectralVariation
- afv:MPEG7LogAttackTime: MPEG7LogAttackTime
- afv:MPEG7SpectralCentroid: MPEG7SpectralCentroid
- afv:MPEG7TemporalCentroid: MPEG7TemporalCentroid
- afv:MagnitudeKurtosis: MagnitudeKurtosis
- afv:MagnitudeSkewness: MagnitudeSkewness
- afv:MagnitudeSpectrum: MagnitudeSpectrum
- afv:MandelEllis: MandelEllis
- afv:MaxArgMax: MaxArgMax
- afv:MaxMagFreq: MaxMagFreq
- afv:MaxMin: MaxMin
- afv:Maximum: Subclass of Aggregation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:Mean: Mean
- afv:Mean: Mean
- afv:Mean: Subclass of Aggregation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:Mean: Subclass of Aggregation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:MeanAbsoluteDeviation: MeanAbsoluteDeviation
- afv:MeansofCoefficients: MeansofCoefficients
- afv:MeddisHairCell: MeddisHairCell
- afv:Median: Subclass of Aggregation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:Median: Subclass of Aggregation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:Median: Median
- afv:Median: Median
- afv:MelSpectrum: MelSpectrum
- afv:MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients: MelscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients
- afv:MinArgMin: MinArgMin
- afv:Minimum: Subclass of Aggregation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:Mode: Mode
- afv:ModifiedGroupDelay: ModifiedGroupDelay
- afv:ModifiedKullbackLieblerOnset: ModifiedKullbackLieblerOnsetDetectionFunction
- afv:ModulatedComplexLappedTransform: Subclass of Transformation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:ModulationEnergy: 4HzModulationEnergy
- afv:ModulationFrequencyVariance: ModulationFrequencyVarianceDescriptor
- afv:ModulationHarmonicCoefficients: 4HzModulationHarmonicCoefficients
- afv:Moments: Moments
- afv:Multiplicity: Multiplicity
- afv:MultiresolutionEntropy: MultiresolutionEntropy
- afv:NNLSChroma: NNLSChroma
- afv:NoiseEnergy: NoiseEnergy
- afv:NoiseRobustAuditoryFeature: NoiseRobustAuditoryFeature
- afv:Noisiness: Noisiness
- afv:NonSilentRegions: NonSilentRegions
- afv:Nonzerocount: Nonzerocount
- afv:Normalization: Subclass of Filter from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:Note: NoteTracker
- afv:NoteOnset: NoteOnsetDetector
- afv:NoteRepresentationofChord: NoteRepresentationofChordEstimate
- afv:OctaveBandSignalIntensity: OctaveBandSignalIntensity
- afv:OctaveBandSignalIntensityRatio: OctaveBandSignalIntensityRatio
- afv:OctaveBasedSpectralContrast: OctaveBasedSpectralContrast
- afv:OddEvenRatio: OddEvenRatio
- afv:OddToEvenBandRatio: OddToEvenBandRatio
- afv:OddToEvenHarmonicRatio: OddToEvenHarmonicRatio
- afv:Onset: OnsetDetectionFunction
- afv:OrderedDistancesfromFirstChannel: OrderedDistancesfromFirstChannel
- afv:PeakDetection: Subclass of Aggregation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:PeakFinder: PeakFinder
- afv:PeakPicker: PeakPicker
- afv:PeakSpectrum: PeakSpectrum
- afv:Peaker: Peaker
- afv:PeakerOnset: PeakerOnset
- afv:Percentile: Subclass of Aggregation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:PerceptualLinearPrediction: PerceptualLinearPrediction
- afv:PerceptualSharpness: PerceptualSharpness
- afv:PerceptualSpectralCentroid: PerceptualSpectralCentroid
- afv:PerceptualSpectralDecrease: PerceptualSpectralDecrease
- afv:PerceptualSpectralEnvelopeShape: PerceptualSpectralEnvelopeShape
- afv:PerceptualSpectralKurtosis: PerceptualSpectralKurtosis
- afv:PerceptualSpectralRolloff: PerceptualSpectralRolloff
- afv:PerceptualSpectralSkewness: PerceptualSpectralSkewness
- afv:PerceptualSpectralSlope: PerceptualSpectralSlope
- afv:PerceptualSpectralSpread: PerceptualSpectralSpread
- afv:PerceptualSpectralVariation: PerceptualSpectralVariation
- afv:PerceptualSpread: PerceptualSpread
- afv:PhaseBasedMethodOnset: PhaseBasedMethodOnsetDetectionFunction
- afv:PhaseSpaceEmbedding: Subclass of Transformation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:PhaseSpaceFeatures: PhaseSpaceFeatures
- afv:Pitch: Pitch
- afv:PitchCountours: PitchCountours
- afv:PitchDiff: PitchDiff
- afv:PitchFFTYIN: PitchFFTYIN
- afv:PitchFastComb: PitchFastComb
- afv:PitchHistogram: PitchHistogram
- afv:PitchMultiComb: PitchMultiComb
- afv:PitchProfile: PitchProfile
- afv:PitchSchmitt: PitchSchmitt
- afv:PitchSynchronousZCPA: PitchSynchronousZCPA
- afv:PitchYIN: PitchYIN
- afv:PolynomialRootFinding: Subclass of Aggregation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:PolyphonicTranscription: PolyphonicTranscription
- afv:Power: Subclass of Aggregation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:Power: Subclass of Aggregation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:Power: Power
- afv:Power: Power
- afv:PowerSpectrum: PowerSpectrum
- afv:PowerToAverageRatio: PowerToAverageRatio
- afv:PrincipalComponentAnalysis: Subclass of Transformation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:PrincipalMelSpectrumComponents: PrincipalMelSpectrumComponents
- afv:PsychoacousticalPitch: PsychoacousticalPitch
- afv:PulseClarity: PulseClarity
- afv:PulseMetric: PulseMetric
- afv:PureTonalness: PureTonalness
- afv:RMSAmplitude: RMSAmplitude
- afv:RMSEnergy: RMSEnergy
- afv:RMSEnergyEnvelope: RMSEnergyEnvelope
- afv:RatescalefrequencyFeatures: RatescalefrequencyFeatures
- afv:Regression: Subclass of Aggregation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:RelaitvespecificLoudness: RelaitvespecificLoudness
- afv:RelativeDifference: RelativeDifferenceFunction
- afv:RelativeSpectralPLP: RelativeSpectralPLP
- afv:Release: Release
- afv:RhythmHistogram: RhythmHistogram
- afv:RhythmPatterns: RhythmPatterns
- afv:RhythmicFluctuation: RhythmicFluctuation
- afv:RiseTime: RiseTime
- afv:RootMeanSquare: Subclass of Aggregation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:RootMeanSquare: Subclass of Aggregation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:RootMeanSquare: RootMeanSquare
- afv:RootMeanSquare: RootMeanSquare
- afv:Roughness: Roughness
- afv:RunningAutocorrelation: RunningAutocorrelation
- afv:RunningStatistics: RunningStatistics
- afv:Salience: SalienceFunction
- afv:Segmenter: Segmenter
- afv:SemitoneSpectrum: SemitoneSpectrum
- afv:Sharpness: Sharpness
- afv:ShortTimeEnergy: ShortTimeEnergy
- afv:Signal: Signal
- afv:SignalAutoCorrelation: SignalAutoCorrelationFunction
- afv:SignalToNoiseRatio: SignalToNoiseRatio
- afv:SilenceTest: SilenceTest
- afv:SilentRegions: SilentRegions
- afv:Similarity: Similarity
- afv:SingularValueDecomposition: Subclass of Transformation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:SlopeIntegrator: SlopeIntegrator
- afv:Smoothed: SmoothedDetectionFunction
- afv:Smoothness: Smoothness
- afv:Sone: Sone
- afv:SpectralAverageDeviation: SpectralAverageDeviation
- afv:SpectralCenter: SpectralCenter
- afv:SpectralCentroid: SpectralCentroid
- afv:SpectralContrastPattern: SpectralContrastPattern
- afv:SpectralCrest: SpectralCrest
- afv:SpectralCrestFactor: SpectralCrestFactor
- afv:SpectralCrestFactorPerBand: SpectralCrestFactorPerBand
- afv:SpectralDecrease: SpectralDecrease
- afv:SpectralDifferenceMethodOnset: SpectralDifferenceMethodOnsetDetectionFunction
- afv:SpectralDispersion: SpectralDispersion
- afv:SpectralDissonance: SpectralDissonance
- afv:SpectralFlatness: SpectralFlatness
- afv:SpectralFlatnessAllBands: SpectralFlatnessAllBands
- afv:SpectralFlatnessPerBand: SpectralFlatnessPerBand
- afv:SpectralFlux: SpectralFlux
- afv:SpectralFluxOnset: SpectralFluxOnsetDetectionFunction
- afv:SpectralInharmonicity: SpectralInharmonicity
- afv:SpectralKurtosis: SpectralKurtosis
- afv:SpectralMean: SpectralMean
- afv:SpectralPattern: SpectralPattern
- afv:SpectralPatternCent: SpectralPatternCent
- afv:SpectralPeakStructure: SpectralPeakStructure
- afv:SpectralPeaks: SpectralPeaks
- afv:SpectralPercentile: SpectralPercentile
- afv:SpectralRolloff: SpectralRolloff
- afv:SpectralShape: SpectralShape
- afv:SpectralShapeStatistics: SpectralShapeStatistics
- afv:SpectralSharpness: SpectralSharpness
- afv:SpectralSkewness: SpectralSkewness
- afv:SpectralSlope: SpectralSlope
- afv:SpectralSmoothness: SpectralSmoothness
- afv:SpectralSpread: SpectralSpread
- afv:SpectralStandardDeviation: SpectralStandardDeviation
- afv:SpectralVariability: SpectralVariability
- afv:SpectralVariance: SpectralVariance
- afv:Spectralbinning: Subclass of Aggregation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:SpectrotemporalVariation: SpectrotemporalVariation
- afv:Spectrum: Spectrum
- afv:Spectrum2Chroma: Spectrum2Chroma
- afv:Spectrum2Mel: Spectrum2Mel
- afv:StandardDeviation: StandardDeviation
- afv:StatisticalIntegrator: StatisticalIntegrator
- afv:StatisticalSpectrum: StatisticalSpectrumDescriptor
- afv:StereoSpectrum: StereoSpectrum
- afv:StereoSpectrumFeatures: StereoSpectrumFeatures
- afv:StereoSpectrumSources: StereoSpectrumSources
- afv:StrengthOfStrongestBeat: StrengthOfStrongestBeat
- afv:StrongestBeat: StrongestBeat
- afv:StrongestFrequencyViaFFTMax: StrongestFrequencyViaFFTMax
- afv:StrongestFrequencyViaSpectralCentroid: StrongestFrequencyViaSpectralCentroid
- afv:StrongestFrequencyViaZeroCrossings: StrongestFrequencyViaZeroCrossings
- afv:SubbandEnergyRatio: SubbandEnergyRatio
- afv:SubbandSpectralFlux: SubbandSpectralFlux
- afv:Subbands: Subbands
- afv:Sum: Sum
- afv:Sum: Sum
- afv:Sum: Subclass of Aggregation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:Sum: Subclass of Aggregation from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:SumofValues: SumofValues
- afv:Tempo: Tempo
- afv:TempoandBeat: TempoandBeatTracker
- afv:TemporalCentroid: TemporalCentroid
- afv:TemporalDecrease: TemporalDecrease
- afv:TemporalIncrease: TemporalIncrease
- afv:TemporalRhythmHistogram: TemporalRhythmHistogram
- afv:TemporalShapeStatistics: TemporalShapeStatistics
- afv:TemporalStatisticalSpectrum: TemporalStatisticalSpectrumDescriptor
- afv:TimbralWidth: TimbralWidth
- afv:TimbreDistribution: TimbreDistribution
- afv:TonalCentroid: TonalCentroid
- afv:TonalChange: TonalChangeDetectionFunction
- afv:TonalChange: TonalChangeDetectionFunction
- afv:TonalChange: TonalChange
- afv:TonalChange: TonalChange
- afv:TonalChangePositions: TonalChangePositions
- afv:TonalDissonance: TonalDissonance
- afv:Tonality: Tonality
- afv:TonicPitch: TonicPitch
- afv:TotalEnergy: TotalEnergy
- afv:TotalEnergyModulation: TotalEnergyModulation
- afv:TotalHarmonicEnergy: TotalHarmonicEnergy
- afv:TotalNoiseEnergy: TotalNoiseEnergy
- afv:Transformto6DTonalContentSpace: Transformto6DTonalContentSpace
- afv:TransientSteadyStateSeparation: TransientSteadyStateSeparation
- afv:TriangularFilterBank: TriangularFilterBank
- afv:Tristimulus: Tristimulus
- afv:Tristimulus1: Tristimulus1
- afv:Tristimulus2: Tristimulus2
- afv:Tristimulus3: Tristimulus3
- afv:TunedLogFrequencySpectrum: TunedLogFrequencySpectrum
- afv:Tuning: Tuning
- afv:Variance: Variance
- afv:VarianceDeltaSpectralPattern: VarianceDeltaSpectralPattern
- afv:Volume: Volume
- afv:WaveletPyramid: WaveletPyramid
- afv:WeightingFunction: Subclass of Filter from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:Windowing: Subclass of Filter from the Audio Feature Ontology
- afv:ZeroCrossingPeakAmplitudes: ZeroCrossingPeakAmplitudes
- afv:ZeroCrossingRate: ZeroCrossingRate
- afv:AdaptiveTimeFrequencyTransformModel
Type: afo:Modelafv:AdaptiveTimeFrequencyTransform_operation_1
Type: afv:AdaptiveTimeFrequencyTransformCompafv:AdaptiveTimeFrequencyTransform_operation_2
Type: afv:Histogramafv:AdaptiveTimeFrequencyTransform_operation_2
Type: afo:LastOperationafv:AmplitudeDescriptorModel
Type: afo:Modelafv:AmplitudeDescriptor_operation_1
Type: afv:Windowingafv:AmplitudeDescriptor_operation_2
Type: afv:Meanafv:AmplitudeDescriptor_operation_3
Type: afv:Deviationafv:AmplitudeDescriptor_operation_4
Type: afv:LevelCrossingDetectorafv:AmplitudeDescriptor_operation_5
Type: afv:Meanafv:AmplitudeDescriptor_operation_6
Type: afv:Deviationafv:AmplitudeDescriptor_operation_6
Type: afo:LastOperationafv:AuditoryFilterBankTemporalEnvelopesModel
Type: afo:Modelafv:AuditoryFilterBankTemporalEnvelopes_operation_1
Type: afv:Windowingafv:AuditoryFilterBankTemporalEnvelopes_operation_2
Type: afv:BandpassFilterafv:AuditoryFilterBankTemporalEnvelopes_operation_3
Type: afv:BandpassFilterafv:AuditoryFilterBankTemporalEnvelopes_operation_4
Type: afv:EnergySpectralDensityafv:AuditoryFilterBankTemporalEnvelopes_operation_5
Type: afv:Sumafv:AuditoryFilterBankTemporalEnvelopes_operation_5
Type: afo:LastOperationafv:AutocorrelationMFCCsModel
Type: afo:Modelafv:AutocorrelationMFCCs_operation_1
Type: afv:Windowingafv:AutocorrelationMFCCs_operation_2
Type: afv:Autocorrelationafv:AutocorrelationMFCCs_operation_3
Type: afv:LowpassFilterafv:AutocorrelationMFCCs_operation_4
Type: afv:DiscreteFourierTransformafv:AutocorrelationMFCCs_operation_5
Type: afv:Spectralbinningafv:AutocorrelationMFCCs_operation_6
Type: afv:Logarithmafv:AutocorrelationMFCCs_operation_7
Type: afv:DiscreteCosineTransformafv:AutocorrelationMFCCs_operation_7
Type: afo:LastOperationafv:BandPeriodicityModel
Type: afo:Modelafv:BandPeriodicity_operation_1
Type: afv:Windowingafv:BandPeriodicity_operation_2
Type: afv:BandpassFilterafv:BandPeriodicity_operation_3
Type: afv:Autocorrelationafv:BandPeriodicity_operation_4
Type: afv:Maximumafv:BandPeriodicity_operation_5
Type: afo:LastOperationafv:BandPeriodicity_operation_5
Type: afv:Sumafv:BandwidthModel
Type: afo:Modelafv:Bandwidth_operation_1
Type: afv:Windowingafv:Bandwidth_operation_2
Type: afv:DiscreteFourierTransformafv:Bandwidth_operation_3
Type: afv:Spectralbinningafv:Bandwidth_operation_4
Type: afo:OptionalOperationafv:Bandwidth_operation_4
Type: afv:Logarithmafv:Bandwidth_operation_5
Type: afo:LastOperationafv:Bandwidth_operation_5
Type: afv:Deviationafv:BarkscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficientsModel
Type: afo:Modelafv:BarkscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients_operation_1
Type: afv:Windowingafv:BarkscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients_operation_2
Type: afv:DiscreteFourierTransformafv:BarkscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients_operation_3
Type: afv:Spectralbinningafv:BarkscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients_operation_4
Type: afv:Logarithmafv:BarkscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients_operation_5
Type: afo:LastOperationafv:BarkscaleFrequencyCepstralCoefficients_operation_5
Type: afv:DiscreteCosineTransformafv:BeatHistogramModel
Type: afo:Modelafv:BeatHistogram_operation_1
Type: afv:Windowingafv:BeatHistogram_operation_2
Type: afv:DiscreteWaveletTransformafv:BeatHistogram_operation_3
Type: afv:LowpassFilterafv:BeatHistogram_operation_4
Type: afv:Sumafv:BeatHistogram_operation_5
Type: afv:Autocorrelationafv:BeatHistogram_operation_6
Type: afv:PeakDetectionafv:BeatHistogram_operation_7
Type: afv:Histogramafv:BeatHistogram_operation_7
Type: afo:LastOperationafv:BeatSpectrumModel
Type: afo:Modelafv:BeatSpectrum_operation_1
Type: afv:Windowingafv:BeatSpectrum_operation_2
Type: afv:DiscreteFourierTransformafv:BeatSpectrum_operation_3
Type: afv:Logarithmafv:BeatSpectrum_operation_4
Type: afv:LowpassFilterafv:BeatSpectrum_operation_5
Type: afv:CrossCorrelationafv:BeatSpectrum_operation_6
Type: afo:LastOperationafv:BeatSpectrum_operation_6
Type: afv:Autocorrelationafv:BeatTrackerModel
Type: afo:Modelafv:BeatTracker_operation_1
Type: afv:Windowingafv:BeatTracker_operation_2
Type: afv:BandpassFilterafv:BeatTracker_operation_3
Type: afv:LowpassFilterafv:BeatTracker_operation_4
Type: afv:DerivationDifferenceafv:BeatTracker_operation_5
Type: afv:CombFilterafv:BeatTracker_operation_6
Type: afv:Sumafv:BeatTracker_operation_7
Type: afo:LastOperationafv:BeatTracker_operation_7
Type: afv:PeakDetectionafv:ChromaCENSFeaturesModel
Type: afo:Modelafv:ChromaCENSFeatures_operation_1
Type: afv:Windowingafv:ChromaCENSFeatures_operation_2
Type: afv:BandpassFilterBankafv:ChromaCENSFeatures_operation_3
Type: afv:Sumafv:ChromaCENSFeatures_operation_4
Type: afv:Normalizationafv:ChromaCENSFeatures_operation_5
Type: afo:LastOperationafv:ChromaCENSFeatures_operation_5
Type: afv:LowpassFilterafv:ChromagramModel
Type: afo:Modelafv:Chromagram_operation_1
Type: afv:Windowingafv:Chromagram_operation_2
Type: afv:DiscreteFourierTransformafv:Chromagram_operation_3
Type: afv:Logarithmafv:Chromagram_operation_4
Type: afo:LastOperationafv:Chromagram_operation_4
Type: afv:Sumafv:CyclicBeatSpectrumModel
Type: afo:Modelafv:CyclicBeatSpectrum_operation_1
Type: afv:LowpassFilterafv:CyclicBeatSpectrum_operation_2
Type: afv:Windowingafv:CyclicBeatSpectrum_operation_3
Type: afv:DiscreteFourierTransformafv:CyclicBeatSpectrum_operation_4
Type: afv:DerivationDifferenceafv:CyclicBeatSpectrum_operation_5
Type: afv:Sumafv:CyclicBeatSpectrum_operation_6
Type: afv:CombFilterafv:CyclicBeatSpectrum_operation_7
Type: afv:LowpassFilterafv:CyclicBeatSpectrum_operation_8
Type: afv:Sumafv:CyclicBeatSpectrum_operation_9
Type: afo:LastOperationafv:CyclicBeatSpectrum_operation_9
Type: afv:PeakDetectionafv:DWPTbasedRhythmFeatureModel
Type: afo:Modelafv:DWPTbasedRhythmFeature_operation_1
Type: afv:Windowingafv:DWPTbasedRhythmFeature_operation_2
Type: afv:DiscreteWaveletTransformafv:DWPTbasedRhythmFeature_operation_3
Type: afv:Autocorrelationafv:DWPTbasedRhythmFeature_operation_4
Type: afv:PeakDetectionafv:DWPTbasedRhythmFeature_operation_5
Type: afo:LastOperationafv:DWPTbasedRhythmFeature_operation_5
Type: afv:Histogramafv:DaubechiesWaveletCoefficientHistogramModel
Type: afo:Modelafv:DaubechiesWaveletCoefficientHistogram_operation_1
Type: afv:Windowingafv:DaubechiesWaveletCoefficientHistogram_operation_2
Type: afv:DiscreteWaveletTransformafv:DaubechiesWaveletCoefficientHistogram_operation_3
Type: afv:Histogramafv:DaubechiesWaveletCoefficientHistogram_operation_3
Type: afo:LastOperationafv:DistortionDiscriminantAnalysisModel
Type: afo:Modelafv:DistortionDiscriminantAnalysis_operation_1
Type: afv:Windowingafv:DistortionDiscriminantAnalysis_operation_2
Type: afv:ModulatedComplexLappedTransformafv:DistortionDiscriminantAnalysis_operation_3
Type: afv:Logarithmafv:DistortionDiscriminantAnalysis_operation_4
Type: afv:PrincipalComponentAnalysisafv:DistortionDiscriminantAnalysis_operation_5
Type: afo:LastOperationafv:DistortionDiscriminantAnalysis_operation_5
Type: afv:PrincipalComponentAnalysisafv:HarmonicCoefficientModel
Type: afo:Modelafv:HarmonicCoefficient_operation_1
Type: afv:Windowingafv:HarmonicCoefficient_operation_2
Type: afv:Autocorrelationafv:HarmonicCoefficient_operation_3
Type: afv:Maximum